Volume 25, Issue 2 (7-2025)
ijdld 2025, 25(2): 108-117 |
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Saberi-Hasanabadi P. Synergistic Reno-Protective Effects of Valproate Sodium and Metformin in Diabetic Nephropathy Mice Model Through Attenuating the Expression of Pro-Inflammatory and Enhancing the Expression of Sirt-1 and Bcl-2. ijdld 2025; 25 (2) :108-117
URL: http://ijdld.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6373-en.html
URL: http://ijdld.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6373-en.html
Faculty of pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran & Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical sciences, sari, Iran , dr.parisasaberi@gmail.com
Abstract: (1806 Views)
Background: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease resulting from a relative deficiency of insulin secretion or action. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic inhibitory effects of valproate sodium (VPS) and metformin (MET) on alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy and to understand the mechanism of their effect on the expression pathway of inflammatory genes, Sirt-1 and Bcl-2.
Methods: Female mice (C57BL/6) were induced to have diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of alloxan (120 mg/kg). Diabetic mice were treated with three doses of sodium valproate (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) and a single dose of metformin (200 mg/kg) for a period of 28 days. The expression of inflammatory genes and histological changes in the kidneys of the mice were evaluated for a period of 28 days.
Results: The hyperglycemia induced by alloxan-induced diabetes was significantly reduced after a 28-day course of valproate sodium administration (P < 0.05). Combined treatment of sodium valproate with metformin significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory genes in the kidney tissue of diabetic mice. A significant increase in the expression of Sirt-1 and Bcl2 was observed in diabetic mice receiving valproate sodium and metformin compared to the diabetic group. Treatment of diabetic mice with valproate sodium and metformin prevented the adverse histopathological changes caused by renal nephropathy, which was accompanied by normal glomerular capillary size and reduced dilatation of the urinary tract compared to diabetic mice.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that MET and VPS in combination can prevent alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy through attenuating inflammatory pathways and decreasing inflammatory genes expressions together probably with the suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
Methods: Female mice (C57BL/6) were induced to have diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of alloxan (120 mg/kg). Diabetic mice were treated with three doses of sodium valproate (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) and a single dose of metformin (200 mg/kg) for a period of 28 days. The expression of inflammatory genes and histological changes in the kidneys of the mice were evaluated for a period of 28 days.
Results: The hyperglycemia induced by alloxan-induced diabetes was significantly reduced after a 28-day course of valproate sodium administration (P < 0.05). Combined treatment of sodium valproate with metformin significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory genes in the kidney tissue of diabetic mice. A significant increase in the expression of Sirt-1 and Bcl2 was observed in diabetic mice receiving valproate sodium and metformin compared to the diabetic group. Treatment of diabetic mice with valproate sodium and metformin prevented the adverse histopathological changes caused by renal nephropathy, which was accompanied by normal glomerular capillary size and reduced dilatation of the urinary tract compared to diabetic mice.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that MET and VPS in combination can prevent alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy through attenuating inflammatory pathways and decreasing inflammatory genes expressions together probably with the suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
Keywords: Diabetes, Alloxan, Valproate sodium, Metformin, Diabetic nephropathy, Reno-protective supports
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